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STANDARD HANDBOOK OF MACHINE DESIGN

Posted by admin on 09.11.2009; This entry is filed under broad.
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3. Identification of the environments of usage for the product, including expected

uses, foreseeable misuses, and intended uses

4. Utilization of specific design theories emphasizing failure or malfunction analy¬

sis and safety considerations in each mode of operation

Design reviews have been used extensively for improving product performance, reducing cost, and improving manufacturability. In the current product liability cli¬mate, it is very important to include, and document in the review, specific failure analysis and safety emphases as well as to check compliance with standards and gov¬ernmental regulations.

An important consideration in the design review process is to have it conducted by personnel who were not involved in the original design work, so that a fresh, dis¬interested, competent outlook and approach can be applied in the review.

1.1.3 Influences on the Designer

While attempting to meet the general criteria discussed earlier, the designer’s work and the results are affected by both internal and external influences. The external influences, shown in Fig. 1.1, reflect the desires of society as represented by eco¬nomics, governmental regulations, standards, legal requirements, and ethics, as well as the items shown as human taste.

The other broad area of external influences reflects what is known and available for use in a design problem. The designer is limited by human knowledge, human skills, and, again, economics as to what can be made.

Another important external influence on the designer and the design is legal in nature. The designer is directly influenced by the in-house legal staff or outside attorney retained for legal advice on patents, product liability, and other legal mat¬ters and also is affected by product liability suits against the product being designed or similar products.

Internal influences also affect the design. Figure 1.2 identifies some of these. They are a result of the designer’s environment while maturing, education, life experi¬ences, moral and ethical codes, personality, and personal needs. These personal or internal influences help shape the engineer’s philosophy of design as well as the approach and execution. Individual designs will vary depending on the most impor¬tant local influences at any given time.

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STANDARD HANDBOOK OF MACHINE DESIGN

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